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SALT LAKE CITY — Black bears are the only species of bear in Utah, and they live and roam across much of the state. With the weather warming up and bears coming out of hibernation, the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources wants to remind Utahns of ways they can prevent conflicts with bears this summer and also what to do if you encounter a bear.

Black bears typically come out of hibernation in March or April, depending on snow conditions. During the spring, plants and insects make up 90% of a black bear’s diet, but they have an amazing sense of smell and will eat the same type of food that people eat if it’s easily accessible. Many of the conflicts between people and bears happen because the bears start scavenging for the food that humans are eating and cooking while camping — which often takes place in the bear’s natural habitat.

“Even though they’re incredibly strong and surprisingly fast, black bears will typically do everything they can to avoid people,” DWR Game Mammals Coordinator Chad Wilson said. “When a bear finds food, though, that can all change. A bear may become aggressive toward animals or people it perceives as threatening the area where it found the food.”

Drought conditions impact plants and other root-like vegetation, which make up 90% of a black bear’s diet, so DWR biologists think bears may be looking for alternate food sources in other areas this year if drought conditions continue. The lower food supply could lead to more bear conflicts this summer as bears look more broadly for food, particularly an increase in incidents of bears getting into people’s garbage and scavenging for food.

Black bears can be found all throughout Utah — except for the West Desert — typically in mountainous areas. They are commonly found in foothills and canyons.

Here are a few simple tips to keep both you and the bears safe while you are out recreating this summer:

Bear-proof your food and supplies

Store your food, snacks and scented items (such as deodorant and toothpaste) in an area where a bear can’t get to them. Do not leave them out on tables or keep them in your tent. Storing them in a locked trailer or locking them in the trunk of your car are both good options. Storing food and scented items in these areas will reduce the chance that a bear smells them. And, if a bear does make its way to the area where you’re staying, if it isn’t rewarded with food, it will likely move on.

Keep your cooking area clean

After you’ve finished eating, thoroughly clean utensils and anything else that was used to prepare or eat the food. Don’t dump oil or grease from pots or pans onto the ground. Instead, put the oil or grease in a container, and take it home with you. By keeping your campsite’s cooking and eating areas clean, you reduce the chance that a bear will smell food and trash, and be lured to your camp.

Keep your campsite clean

Don’t leave food scraps and other trash scattered around your campsite or cabin area. Instead, put your garbage in trash bags, and take it home with you. Make sure to wipe down picnic tables and keep the area free of food and other debris. Always keep your campsite or cabin area clean because a dirty campsite can attract bears long after you’ve left.

“If a bear visits the area after you leave and then someone comes into that area to camp, you’ve created a potentially dangerous situation,” Wilson said.

Never feed a bear

This may seem like common sense, but it’s worth noting. Although bear cubs may seem cute, you should absolutely never feed one — or an adult bear for that matter. They are wild animals and natural predators.

Once a bear loses its fear of people, wildlife biologists and conservation officers are left with something they dread — having to euthanize an animal to keep the public safe. By not providing a bear with food, you can help keep it safe too.

“We got into the wildlife profession because we love wildlife,” Wilson said. “We enjoy managing and protecting animals so Utahns can get outdoors and enjoy them. Having to euthanize an animal — because someone didn’t do something as simple as keeping their campsite clean and storing food in a secure area — is tough. Please don’t put us in that situation.”

Bear-proof your outdoor garbage cans

The DWR receives many reports each year of bears getting into trash cans or dumpsters in neighborhoods and at cabins. Make sure to store your trash in a secure location or bear-proof container. If you don’t have access to a bear-safe garbage can or dumpster, make sure to store your garbage can in your garage and put it out for pick up in the morning, rather than the night before. Also, make sure to clean your trash container regularly to eliminate some of the odors that attract bears.

Remove items that will attract a bear to your house

Utah is bear country, and especially so if you live in the foothills or other mountainous parts of the state. It is important to properly secure or clean anything in your yard that may attract a bear. Some of these include:

• Birdfeeders (both seed and hummingbird)

• Fruit trees

• Compost piles

• Beehives

• Pet food and water bowls

• Unsupervised outdoor pets (especially at night)

• Barbecue grills

Know what to do if you encounter a bear

• Stand your ground: Never back up, lie down or play dead. Stay calm and give the bear a chance to leave. Prepare to use your bear spray or another deterrent.

• Don’t run away or climb a tree. Black bears are excellent climbers and can run up to 35 mph — you cannot outclimb or outrun them.

• Know bear behavior. If a bear stands up, grunts, moans or makes other sounds, it’s not being aggressive. These are the ways a bear gets a better look or smell and expresses its interest.

• If a black bear attacks, always fight back. And never give up! People have successfully defended themselves with almost anything: rocks, sticks, backpacks, water bottles and even their hands and feet.

When to report a bear sighting

If you live in the foothills or canyon areas of Utah or if you are camping, there is a chance you may see or encounter a bear. Here is when you need to report a bear sighting to the DWR:

• If a bear enters your campsite or gets into garbage or food in the campground, report it immediately to the DWR.

• If you see a bear in the foothills or canyon areas, it should only be reported if it’s being aggressive or if it’s getting into trash or fruit trees or causing damage.

• Report any bear that has wandered into lower-elevation areas and is within city limits or a heavily populated community, so the DWR can relocate it.

For more tips on staying safe around black bears, visit the Wild Aware Utah website.

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Hiking or trail running in Utah this summer? How to prevent conflicts with mountain lions and stay safe

SALT LAKE CITY — Cougars, mountain lions, pumas: They have several different names, but these elusive predators can be found throughout Utah. While cougar attacks are quite rare in the U.S., there is always the chance you may see a cougar on your doorbell camera footage — especially if you live in the foothills — or while you are out hiking this summer. If you do happen to encounter a cougar, there are a few simple steps you can take to keep yourself and your pets safe.

Cougars can be found throughout Utah, usually in the foothill and canyon areas, but also sometimes down in the valleys — especially during the winter months when they follow food-seeking deer to lower elevations.

The main prey of cougars is deer, so they can be found wherever deer are. They will also eat elk, pronghorn, small mammals and sometimes birds. After making a kill, a cougar will often hide or cache the carcass by covering it with soil, leaves or snow, saving it to feed on later.

“People are most likely to encounter cougars in areas frequented by mule deer, and at dawn and dusk, which is when cougars typically hunt,” Utah Division of Wildlife Resources Game Mammals Coordinator Chad Wilson said.

Tips to prevent conflicts with cougars

• Do not hike or jog alone.

• Maintain awareness in cougar country while hiking or jogging, and avoid using headphones that block out your surroundings.

• Travel in groups and keep everyone together, including children and dogs.

• Make noise while hiking to alert cougars of your presence.

• Leave the area if you find a dead animal, especially deer or elk, since it could be a cougar kill.

• If you live in an area near deer habitat, do not leave children outside unattended, especially at dawn and dusk.

• As a deterrent, install outside and motion-sensitive lighting around your property.

• Trim vegetation and remove wood piles to reduce hiding places for wildlife.

• Bring pets and livestock inside at night or secure them in a barn or kennel with a top.

In the rare event that you do happen to encounter a cougar, here are some tips to help keep you safe:

• Never run from a cougar, since that could trigger the cougar’s instincts to chase.

• Maintain eye contact.

• Pick up children and pets or keep them very close.

• Stand up tall.

• Do not crouch or squat.

• Make yourself look bigger by raising and waving your arms or jacket above your head.

• Talk firmly in a loud voice, back away slowly and leave the area.

• Fight back if you are attacked! Protect your head and neck.

• If you are aggressive enough, the cougar will probably flee.

“Typically, a cougar that is trying to prey on something will sneak up and ambush them,” Wilson said. “When a cougar lunges or bluffs a charge at someone, they are typically just trying to drive them out of the area because they have kittens or a kill nearby that they are trying to protect.”

When to report a cougar sighting

There has been an increase in cougar sightings over the last few years, due to an increase in doorbell and security cameras and an increase in the number of people moving into cougar and deer habitat areas.

You should report a cougar sighting if:

• It has killed something in a neighborhood or yard.

• It exhibits aggressive behavior.

• It appears several times on your security cameras.

If you capture footage of a cougar on security cameras one time or see one from a distance in foothill areas, you do not need to report it. One-time sightings of cougars are typically when the animal is moving through an area, and it has often left by the time DWR biologists and conservation officers can respond.

For more safety tips, visit the Wild Aware Utah website.

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